Addressing obesity in teenagers may benefit both their physiological and psychosocial health. In a randomized clinical trial published in JAMA Pediatrics, 141 adolescents with obesity were placed on a very low-energy diet for four weeks, which was then followed by either intermittent or continuous energy restriction over a full year.
The study found that participants experienced a significant decrease in depression, eating disorders, and binge eating after the first four weeks — and these improvements were maintained for up to 52 weeks.
However, it’s important to note that despite these outcomes, a small percentage of adolescents needed further psychological care. These results could mean that screening and continuous monitoring for mental health concerns are important components of youth obesity treatment programs.
Understanding the Research
The study is a randomized clinical trial that looks at how dietary changes affect depression, eating disorders, and binge eating in obese adolescents. Conducted over 52 weeks, the trial involved 141 adolescents aged 13 to 17 who had obesity and at least one related complication, such as insulin resistance or hypertension.
The intervention involved three phases:
-
Phase 1 (lasted 4 weeks) - this involved a Very Low Energy Diet (VLED) that provided approximately 800 kcal per day.
-
Phase 2 (weeks 5-16) - the participants transitioned to one of two dietary approaches: Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) or Continuous Energy Restriction (CER)
-
Phase 3 (weeks 17 to 52) - the participants maintained the intervention with minimal support.
During the study, dietitians regularly checked in with participants to watch for any signs of disordered eating. If a participant needed extra mental health support, they received help within the study or were referred to outside services.
After the weight loss treatment, symptoms like depression, eating issues, and binge eating improved along with a reduction in BMI. This showed that obesity treatment may benefit adolescents both physically and mentally.
However, some teens still needed extra support for mental health concerns. Because of this, it’s important for healthcare providers to carefully watch for mental health changes during treatment.
Practical Strategies for Parents and Caregivers
Given these findings, caring adults can implement strategies that support both the body and mind. Here are some ways to help your teen on a holistic level:
Emphasize the benefits of healthy eating
Inspire your teen by sharing how prioritizing nutritious foods can lead to a healthy weight, support brain function, stabilize their mood, and lower their risk of diseases. Mention examples of nutrient-dense foods, such as meat, seafood, and veggies.
Download this handout on the benefits of healthy eating and share it with them for more tips!
Celebrate non-scale victories
Non-scale victories refer to any positive outcome from healthier choices that aren’t measured by the number on a scale. With these victories, teens understand that health is about feeling good and enjoying life, not just reaching a specific weight.
Examples of non-scale victories include increased energy, feeling more positive (improved mood), better sleep, and greater confidence.
Model healthy behaviors
Teens are more likely to adopt healthy habits when they see you practicing them. Show them what balanced living looks like by choosing nutritious meals, staying active, and taking time for self-care. This sends the message that wellness is a journey — not a quick fix.
Normalize discussions about mental health
Your teen may be feeling overwhelmed when dealing with negative emotions. Make it easy for them to talk about what they're going through so they feel comfortable asking for help whenever they need it.
Having regular check-ins will remind them that they’re not alone. You can also share resources, such as a handout on coping with worries, an emotions tracker, or a journal.
The authors noted that understanding how obesity treatment affects depression and disordered eating over time can help identify when extra mental health support is necessary.
For more resources to support children and teens, check out our Healthy Habits Posters and Self-Care Worksheets.
