Growth Mindset vs. Fixed Mindset: What’s the Difference?

It is possible to shape how we think about ourselves and our abilities. Knowing the difference between a growth mindset vs fixed mindset is an important part of this process.

Nurturing a growth mindset in your child helps them see effort as a means of mastery. When they understand that their abilities can be developed, they become more motivated to put in the effort required to learn and grow.

This article discusses what a growth mindset means, the differences between growth and fixed mindset, and whether a fixed mindset in a child can be changed.

What is a Growth Mindset?

A growth mindset is the belief that talents and intelligence can be developed through effort and concrete actions. It doesn't mean assuming one will become a genius, but rather that improvement is possible.

Children and teens with a growth mindset see challenges as essential to learning. They consider setbacks as opportunities to try again. When they experience failures, they understand that these experiences are temporary and changeable, which leads to increased learning and resilience.

What are examples of growth mindset thinking?

Young people deal with setbacks where they can practice some of the core characteristics of a growth mindset — embracing their flaws, being open to feedback, and persistence.

Here are some growth mindset scenarios:

• Jamie struggles with math and often gets frustrated with difficult problems. However, instead of giving up, Jamie asks the teacher for clarification. He also practices math problems daily and joins a study group. Over time, his math skills improve.
• Taylor loves painting but receives constructive criticism from an art teacher who suggests ways to improve his technique. He is tempted to feel discouraged, but instead, he takes the feedback positively. As he tries new techniques, he eventually creates more refined art pieces.
• Emma recently had to give a presentation in class and felt it didn't go well, which made her feel hesitant to speak in public again. Instead of avoiding future speaking opportunities, Emma decides to improve by joining the school's debate club so she can practice more. Over time, her confidence and abilities improve.

What is a Fixed Mindset?

A fixed mindset views talent and intelligence as static and unchangeable. Individuals with this mindset believe that their abilities are innate and set from birth. Because of this, they often avoid challenges, feel threatened by others' successes, and may give up easily.

Research has shown that a fixed mindset about intelligence is associated with negative emotions and poor mental health. For instance, those with a fixed mindset are more likely to experience heightened stress and prolonged emotional responses when dealing with academic difficulties [*].

What are examples of fixed mindset thinking?

Below are examples of a fixed mindset that shows a lack of perseverance and a “can’t-do” attitude. In these situations, young people quickly give up.

Here are some fixed mindset scenarios:

• Lucas is a talented soccer player but feels intimidated by a new teammate who is also very skilled. He starts feeling anxious and insecure about his abilities, and constantly compares himself to the new teammate. As a result, he starts avoiding competitive situations.
• Tina receives feedback from her teacher about her writing. She takes the critique personally and assumes that the criticism means she isn't a good writer. Instead of using the feedback to improve, she becomes frustrated with her ability to write.
• Jake has always believed that he is just "not good at science" and that this cannot be changed. So, while working on a science project, he decides to give up without trying to seek help or put in some extra effort.

What is the Difference Between a Growth Mindset and a Fixed Mindset?

Distinguishing between these mindsets can help children and teens change how they approach their learning, challenges, and the feedback they receive.

Here, we summarize some of the main differences between a growth and fixed mindset:

Benefits of a Growth Mindset

Learning about how a growth mindset can be helpful is a great first step in incorporating it into a child’s life. When caring adults have an understanding of its benefits, they can develop an effective plan — which includes growth mindset activities — that are relevant to the child.

Here are the benefits of having a growth mindset [*]:

• Reduced stress
• Better emotional regulation
• Increased resilience or the ability to adapt to difficult situations
• Improved academic performance
• Greater self-efficacy and perceived control over health

How to Develop a Growth Mindset

Educators and parents can start explaining concepts and introducing activities and exercises that increase a child’s learning and promote reflection.

Here are various strategies that will instill a growth mindset:

• Read books about growth mindset. Books can be used as a basis for discussions in homes or classrooms. Make sure to choose those that are suitable for their age.
• Acknowledge your child’s effort rather than just outcomes to reinforce the importance of practice and persistence.
• Share growth mindset quotes at the beginning of each day to set a positive tone. Examples are “Mistakes are the portals of discovery” and “Feedback is the breakfast of champions.”
• Share examples of how you learned from your mistakes or failures. For example, you can say “I once worked on a major project that didn't go as planned. Instead of giving up, I used it as an opportunity to analyze what went wrong and how I could do better next time.”
• Introduce growth mindset affirmations. Explain what affirmations are and how they can help in dealing with challenges. Ask your child how they feel after reciting their affirmations and if they notice any changes in their outlook or behaviors.

Can a Fixed Mindset Be Changed?

It is possible to transform a fixed mindset but it needs consistent effort from the person. Deep-seated beliefs formed over many years offer a sense of familiarity, and changing them can feel uncomfortable in the beginning.

However, caring adults can expose children to new perspectives, which provide a basis for change. Therapists and counselors can offer professional guidance by introducing coping strategies and teaching them to reframe unhelpful thoughts.

Essentially, any positive and supportive interaction helps with the process of change.

The Bottom Line

Developing a growth mindset in kids and teens is important, and it’s never too late to start this journey! The shift in their thinking helps them become more resilient individuals who love to learn and are open to opportunities.

Explore our collection of growth mindset posters that will motivate them. Our visuals are perfect for classrooms, homes, and therapy rooms!

References:

1. Gál, É., Tóth-Király, I., & Orosz, G. (2022). Fixed Intelligence Mindset, Self-Esteem, and Failure-Related Negative Emotions: A Cross-Cultural Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852638
2. Tao, W., Zhao, D., Yue, H., Horton, I., Tian, X., Xu, Z., & Sun, H. (2022). The Influence of Growth Mindset on the Mental Health and Life Events of College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 821206. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821206