A recent meta-analysis published in JAMA Pediatrics indicates that using cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, has negative effects on a teen’s performance and participation in school.
Moderate evidence shows that students who use cannabis usually get lower grades in school, with many students failing to achieve a grade of B or higher. This decline can have a lasting impact — for example, it can make it harder for students to pursue higher education or advance in their careers.
The study also found a strong link between cannabis use and lower graduation rates. Cannabis users are about 50% less likely to finish high school than their peers who don't use it. They also have more than double the dropout rate. They tend to miss school, which means increased absenteeism and less involvement in studies.
These findings tell us that it’s important that parents and educators take cannabis use in young people seriously so they can better guide them in making choices that benefit their health and academics.
Understanding the Research
In this meta-analysis, the researchers included 63 studies with a total of 438,329 participants. Their main goal was to clarify the association between cannabis use and academic performance.
They chose observational studies (based on observation and data collection without manipulating any variables) that examined the impact of cannabis on various outcomes. Data were analyzed from April to May 2024.
These were the academic indicators being focused on in the study:
- School grades
- High school completion rates
- University enrollment rates
- Post-secondary degree attainment
- School dropout rates
- School absenteeism
- Unemployment rates
The main results were as follows:
- Cannabis users had significantly lower odds of achieving higher grades (for grades B and above).
- Cannabis users were half as likely to finish high school.
- Cannabis use was tied to a higher chance of dropping out and more frequent absences from school.
- Cannabis users were less likely to enroll in university and earn postsecondary degrees.
However, the study found some weak or uncertain evidence that hinted at a possible connection between cannabis use and higher unemployment rates. Meaning, the researchers aren’t sure that cannabis use directly leads to unemployment.
Practical Strategies for Parents, Caregivers, and Teachers
How can we actively support teens in making healthier choices so they can avoid the consequences of cannabis use on their education? Here are a few strategies to consider:
Guide them toward healthy activities
Extracurricular activities like sports, art classes, or clubs that align with their interests will keep them physically active and occupied. The feeling of accomplishment that these activities create will reduce their likelihood of seeking out risky behaviors like substance abuse.
These are all opportunities for teens to bond over experiences that do not involve substances.
Monitor their performance in school
As a parent, you can start by communicating with your teen about their schoolwork and homework. Be sure to ask them about any challenges they might be facing and be ready to provide support.
Teachers must also keep an eye on patterns of declining grades or absenteeism. If teachers notice these trends, they need to reach out to the student's parents to discuss them early on. Consistent communication between parents and teachers helps teens stay focused on school.
Have open and honest conversations about the risks of cannabis use
Conversations about cannabis use are one of the ways to help teens make informed choices. Some teens may be unaware of the potential risks, not only to their academic performance but also to their mental health and future opportunities.
Be direct about the risks of cannabis use. At the same time, allow them to express their own concerns or peer pressures they may face.
The researchers wrote, “We need to better understand how to prevent early cannabis use and reduce its long-term impacts.”
For more resources to support teens in making positive choices, check out our Healthy Habits Posters and Growth Mindset Posters.
