A diagnosis of ADHD, based on DSM-5 criteria, helps you understand your child’s needs. From there, the focus shifts to finding the right treatment for ADHD in children.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) offers clear recommendations based on a child’s age, so parents and healthcare providers can decide on the safest and most effective options [*].
In this guide, you’ll find an overview of common ADHD treatments, including behavior therapy, medication options, and healthy daily habits, as well as how these recommendations vary by age.
ADHD Treatment Recommendations by Age Group
Behavior therapy is the recommended first treatment for children under 6. An important part of this is behavioral parent training (BPT), which teaches parents to use positive reinforcement to help their child manage behaviors and follow routines [*].
When available, behavioral interventions in early learning or classroom settings can also provide additional support.
In children aged 6 and above, ADHD care usually involves a mix of behavioral parent training, medication approved by the FDA, and targeted interventions in the classroom [*].
Age is an important factor when planning ADHD treatment. Younger and older children have different developmental needs that affect how they respond to interventions.
Types of Treatment for ADHD
Children benefit more when different types of treatment are combined, such as behavior therapy and medication. This is because ADHD affects many areas of a child’s life, including home, school, and relationships, and no single treatment addresses all of these areas on its own.
Behavior Therapy
Behavior therapy is a core part of ADHD treatment and is strongly supported by research. In BPT, parents learn skills to guide their child’s behavior [*].
For example, a parent might create a simple morning routine chart and give their child a sticker each time they get dressed and brush their teeth without reminders. When the child earns a set number of stickers, they receive a small reward, which helps reinforce positive behavior.
Young children rely heavily on their parents for structure. That’s why ADHD treatment at this age focuses on parent training, rather than expecting children to change their behavior independently.
Most parents attend a series of at least 8 sessions with a qualified therapist, which may be delivered one-on-one or in a group setting. Parents are then expected to practice the skills with their child between sessions.
Medications
Medication is another evidence-based option for treating ADHD and is usually considered for school-aged children. They include stimulants and non-stimulants:
-
Stimulant medications: Stimulants work by increasing levels of certain brain chemicals that support a child’s attention, focus, and impulse control [*]. Most children with ADHD, around 70 to 80%, benefit from these fast-acting medications. Examples include methylphenidate-based medications (such as Ritalin and Concerta) and amphetamine-based medications (such as Adderall and Vyvanse).
-
Non-stimulant medications: Non-stimulants affect brain chemicals involved in attention and behavior, but work more gradually than stimulants. They may be used when stimulants are not a good fit for the child. Examples include atomoxetine (Strattera) and certain medications originally developed for blood pressure.
|
Medication Type
|
Effects
|
Examples
|
|
Stimulants
|
Increase brain chemicals that support attention, focus, and impulse control.
Most children (around 70–80%) experience noticeable improvement in ADHD symptoms.
|
Methylphenidate-based: Ritalin, Concerta
Amphetamine-based: Adderall, Vyvanse
|
|
Non-stimulants
|
Affect brain chemicals involved in attention and behavior more gradually. Help children focus better, control impulsive behaviors, and manage emotions.
May be used when stimulants are not suitable.
|
Atomoxetine (Strattera), Guanfacine (Intuniv), Clonidine (Kapvay)
|
Important: Decisions about medication are made carefully with a healthcare provider, as they take into account a child’s age, needs, and health.
Lifestyle and Support
ADHD continues into adolescence and adulthood, but children can learn strategies to manage their symptoms and succeed in daily life. Alongside therapy and medication, these lifestyle adjustments help them thrive:
-
Consistent routines: Establish predictable daily schedules to help children feel organized. This can include creating daily checklists for tasks at home and preparing for school, so children know what to expect.
-
Encouragement of positive classroom behaviors: Teachers can praise specific actions, such as staying on task, raising a hand before speaking, or completing assignments on time. They might also use small rewards to reinforce these behaviors.
-
Classroom accommodations: Children may receive support at school through an IEP or a 504 Plan, which provides services and changes to help them succeed. Examples include extra time on tests, tailored assignments, breaks to move, and positive feedback.
-
Healthy habits: Balanced meals, consistent meal times, and nutritious snacks help provide steady energy and support brain function, while daily exercise can improve a child’s focus and mood [*]. Getting enough quality sleep is also essential, as healthy sleep supports attention, behavior, and thinking skills [*].
ADHD Treatment Centers
Some clinics and centers offer comprehensive assessment, therapy, medication management, and family support. Feel free to explore these options:
Resources
To help you feel confident and informed about supporting your child, it’s important to learn more about the various ADHD treatment options available. Check out these resources:
